United States
Striking nurses in Joliet, Illinois denounce unsafe conditions at AMITA hospital
By Benjamin Mateus, 7 August 2020
Striking nurses spoke to WSWS reporters about their demands for adequate staffing and safe working conditions.
Joblessness soars as COVID-19 pandemic accelerates across US
By Bryan Dyne, 10 July 2020
Another 1.3 million people filed for unemployment for the first time last week as 18.1 million placed continuing claims.
“This is going to kill us—not coronavirus, but how broken the health care system is”
An Illinois nurse speaks out against corporate control of health care systems
By Jessica Goldstein, 10 July 2020
The nurse spoke to the WSWS after being furloughed for speaking out against a hospital’s corporate policies that discriminated against low-income patients during the pandemic.
Bath Iron Works expands strikebreaking operation as Maine shipyard walkout continues
By Shannon Jones, 10 July 2020
Management has put out a call for hundreds of additional scab replacements as the walkout by 4,300 shipbuilders is into its third week.
Supreme Court rules against Trump on releasing tax returns, but allows delay
By John Burton, 10 July 2020
While Trump failed in his effort to assert absolute presidential immunity, the court rulings will push back any release of his financial documents until after the election.
Arrested Epstein associate Ghislaine Maxwell being monitored by federal officials over suicide concerns
By Kevin Reed, 10 July 2020
Anonymous federal officials say they fear Maxwell will take her own life while being held at the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn on charges of aiding Jeffrey Epstein in his sex ring and abuse of teenage girls in the 1990s.
“A large-scale struggle and strong opposition is needed”
CUNY students and faculty call for resistance to layoffs and cuts
By Elliott Murtagh, 10 July 2020
The WSWS spoke to students and faculty at the City University of New York about recent austerity measures.
As pandemic rages out of control
Michigan court rules SEP must gather thousands of signatures to appear on the ballot
By Joseph Kishore—SEP candidate for US president, 10 July 2020
The district court’s decision is not a serious legal ruling grounded in jurisprudence or reasoned analysis. It is a political decision aimed at barring socialists from the ballot.
The collapse of the New York Times’ “Russian bounties” campaign
By Patrick Martin, 10 July 2020
Less than two weeks after it kicked off a media frenzy, the Times published an editorial effectively conceding that there was no factual basis for its reporting that Russian military intelligence had paid bounties to Taliban fighters to kill American soldiers.
An interview with Ed Achorn, author of Every Drop of Blood: The Momentous Second Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
By Shannon Jones, 10 July 2020
In a recent conversation with the WSWS, Achorn discussed his book on Lincoln’s Second Inaugural address and weighed in on efforts to slander the president who won the Civil War and destroyed slavery in the United States.
The campaign to smear novelist Charles Dickens as a racist
By David Walsh, 10 July 2020
Dickens was one of the greatest novelists of the 19th century and a world-historical literary and cultural figure. In the English language, he is perhaps second only to William Shakespeare in enduring significance and popularity.
Mr. López Obrador goes to Washington
Mexican president kowtows to his “friend” Donald Trump
By Eric London, 9 July 2020
Obrador’s appearance with Trump yesterday will rank in history as among the most demeaning and sycophantic Washington visits by any Latin American head of state.
United Airlines threatens to axe 36,000 jobs
By Steve Filips, 9 July 2020
The threat by United to lay off 45 percent of its workforce is part of a widespread restructuring of the US and international airline industry.
US Supreme Court decisions attack separation of church and state and workers’ rights
By Ed Hightower, 9 July 2020
The court’s assault on workers takes the form of an assault on secularism.
“A rank-and-file safety committee is exactly what we need”
Toledo Jeep workers demand action after dozens test positive for COVID-19
By Jerry White, 9 July 2020
Anger is reaching a breaking point at Fiat Chrysler’s Toledo Assembly Complex after reports that supervisors, union officials and workers have contracted the disease.
Wall Street, Republicans and militarists back Biden campaign
By Patrick Martin, 9 July 2020
The presumptive Democratic nominee has outraised President Trump for two months in a row, thanks in part to a flood of corporate and billionaire money.
Delta Airlines workers expose unsafe working conditions
By Tim Rivers, 9 July 2020
With the airlines increasing flights and slashing jobs, Delta flight crew members spoke to the WSWS about working conditions during the pandemic
Students oppose Trump’s threat to deport international students
By our reporters, 9 July 2020
The Trump administration’s effort to use international students as a bargaining chip to force the reopening of colleges is part of a push to get the economy back open while also scapegoating immigrants for the pandemic.
Rutgers University announces hundreds of layoffs, intends to charge students full tuition in the fall
By Shuvu Batta, 9 July 2020
The layoffs and furloughs must be fought, and students must reject the enormous tuition and student loan debt that they are being compelled to pay for virtual courses.
Phoenix, Arizona, police shoot man dead in his car, sparking protests
By Chase Lawrence, 9 July 2020
James Garcia died Saturday after being shot multiple times as he was parked in the driveway of a friend’s house.
Trump’s back-to-work diktat threatens teachers’ lives
By Evan Blake, 9 July 2020
On Wednesday, US President Donald Trump demanded that US schools reopen in the fall amid a raging pandemic, threatening the lives of thousands of teachers.
Federal judge backs Democrats, rules against SEP challenge to Michigan ballot access requirements during pandemic
By Kevin Reed, 9 July 2020
A Republican-appointed federal judge sided with Michigan Democrats on Wednesday and ruled against the Socialist Equality Party in its lawsuit to block the state’s unconstitutional rules for ballot access in the 2020 presidential elections.
As Trump demands full reopening of schools
US coronavirus case count soars past 3 million
By Bryan Dyne, 8 July 2020
Cities across the United States are being forced to ration coronavirus testing and are in danger of being compelled to ration treatment.
Florida orders schools to reopen as COVID-19 cases surge
By David Brown, 8 July 2020
The Florida Department of Education is ordering schools to physically open in August, threatening the lives of teachers and students.
Jeffrey Epstein’s confidante Ghislaine Maxwell relocated to federal jail in New York City
By Kevin Reed, 8 July 2020
Ghislaine Maxwell is to appear in court on July 14 on charges of enticing minors to have sex with Jeffrey Epstein in the 1990s.
New York City EMS worker commits suicide
By Ali Elhassan, 8 July 2020
The warnings by mental health experts about the traumatic impact of the coronavirus pandemic on health care workers are now being tragically borne out.
US billionaires, politicians cash in on “small business” loan program
By Jacob Crosse, 8 July 2020
Information released Monday by the US Treasury and Small Business Administration reveals how the well-connected and rich helped themselves to billions of taxpayer dollars.
Immigrant worker with COVID-19 dies after being sent home by Tennessee hospital
By Warren Duzak, 8 July 2020
Miguel Ordoñez died last month after being told by doctors at the Erlanger Medical Center to go home with nothing else but a prescription for Tylenol.
Chicago mayor uses rise in social distress, violent crime to advance “law and order” policing
By Kristina Betinis, 8 July 2020
The spurt in violent crime, coinciding with the ongoing protests against police violence, is being used to justify a heightening of police repression.
US Border Patrol deployed against anti-police violence protestors
By Meenakshi Jagadeesan, 8 July 2020
Federal law enforcement agencies under the direction of the Trump administration are currently working with the Portland Police Bureau to suppress peaceful protests.
New York City Democrats ensure budget protects NYPD and guts social services
By Sam Dalton, 8 July 2020
An examination of the budget makes clear that highly publicized $1 billion “cut” to the New York Police Department is a complete sham.
US war drive against China accelerates
By Peter Symonds, 8 July 2020
Confronting crisis at home, with growing opposition among workers to the reckless back-to-work drive, Trump is seeking to divert these immense social tensions outward at an external enemy.
Hands off international students! Oppose ICE deportation of foreign college students!
By Joseph Kishore—SEP candidate for US president, 8 July 2020
The Trump administration’s xenophobic attempts to terrorize and scapegoat international students in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic must be opposed.
As cutoff of $600 weekly benefit and wave of evictions loom, Congress takes a holiday
By Shannon Jones, 7 July 2020
The $600 weekly federal supplement to unemployment benefits is set to expire July 25, while moratoriums on evictions have already expired in 20 states.
Coronavirus pandemic threatens lives of at least one million people at risk from AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria
By Bryan Dyne, 7 July 2020
The global distribution of preventative treatments for other deadly diseases has been severely disrupted by the pandemic.
ICE threatens international students with deportation unless their college resumes in-person classes
By Sam Dalton, 7 July 2020
In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, an ICE rule change is forcing international students to risk their lives to stay in the US
Supreme Court rules Electoral College members must follow state vote in presidential elections
By Alan Gilman, 7 July 2020
The 9-0 ruling was driven by mounting fears that the outcome of future presidential elections—including the 2020 election—will be seen as illegitimate and undemocratic.
Illinois and Chicago offer paltry COVID-19 assistance program to residents
By Brian Green, 7 July 2020
As unemployment skyrockets, Illinois governor J.B. Pritzker and Chicago mayor Lori Lightfoot push a return to work and COVID-19 relief programs too small to address desperately needed assistance among workers.
Democratic Governor Gretchen Whitmer pushes unsafe reopening of Michigan schools
By Mitch Marcus, 7 July 2020
Last week, Whitmer released dangerous and unfunded mandates on schools reopening, making it clear that she is determined to push ahead even as cases spike across the state.
COVID-19 outbreak surges among Michigan farm workers in rural counties
By Brent Dylan, 7 July 2020
Over 200 Michigan farm workers tested positive for the COVID-19 virus during the last ten days of June.
Over 700 Joliet, Illinois nurses go on strike for better wages and safe working conditions
By Benjamin Mateus and Kate Randall, 6 July 2020
Strikes of health care workers are part of a growing global response of workers across industries to the dangers posed by government back-to-work drives.
The US COVID-19 toll to hit 3 million cases as Texas health system nears collapse
By Benjamin Mateus, 6 July 2020
The number of COVID-19 cases will reach 3 million today, and the pandemic surge is straining health systems across the south and southwest.
Over 300 children catch COVID-19 in Texas daycares
By Nick Barrickman, 6 July 2020
The number of COVID-19 cases among children and staff members has skyrocketed since the state began reopening facilities in May.
Trump rails against Marxism and “international socialism”
By Patrick Martin, 6 July 2020
With his campaign trailing in the polls, the US president is resorting more and more to openly fascistic appeals.
US labor secretary says “reopening” will proceed in face of surging pandemic
By Kevin Reed, 6 July 2020
Labor Secretary Eugene Scalia declared that “Our workplaces can be very safe places to be,” even as hospitalizations broke records in states across the country.
Two US aircraft carriers in war games in South China Sea
By Peter Symonds, 6 July 2020
The “high-end” exercises sought to test US naval capabilities in a conflict with China involving both offensive operations using war planes and the defence of the ships from any counter-attack.
Seattle protester killed after being struck by car driving wrong way on closed interstate
By Jacob Crosse, 6 July 2020
Police blamed protesters after a man drove into a peaceful demonstration early Saturday morning, killing one person and critically injuring another.
New Jersey growers refuse to test migrant farm workers for COVID-19
By Erik Schreiber, 6 July 2020
The decision not to test these laborers, many of whom have traveled from states with rising rates of infection, creates the conditions for a public health disaster.
The significance of the July 4 online discussion, “The Place of the Two American Revolutions: Past, Present and Future”
By David Walsh, 6 July 2020
The World Socialist Web Site marked the 244th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence by hosting a discussion with five significant historians: Victoria Bynum, Clayborne Carson, Richard Carwardine, James Oakes and Gordon Wood.
As COVID-19 pandemic explodes out of control
Trump gives fascistic rant at Mount Rushmore event held in defiance of health experts
By Barry Grey, 4 July 2020
Trump sought to use recent attacks on monuments to leaders of the American Revolution and Civil War to brand protesters against police killings as "far-left fascists," while hailing the police and right-wing militia groups and pledging to crack down on opponents of his authoritarian and pro-corporate policies.
Millions in the US face catastrophe as federal unemployment relief set to expire amid surging pandemic
By Kevin Reed, 4 July 2020
The combined economic impact of the raging pandemic and the imminent cutoff of $600 weekly federal assistance is leading to a social catastrophe for millions across the US.
Bath Iron shipyard workers face stepped-up attacks as strike continues
By Shannon Jones, 4 July 2020
Management is mobilizing additional strikebreakers as the walkout by 4,300 workers at the Bath Iron Works heads toward its third week.
Riverside, California: HCA nurses strike continues as coronavirus takes its toll
By Alex Johnson, 4 July 2020
According to health officials, the confirmed active case count in Riverside bloated to 10,059 on Thursday, compared to 9,532 on Wednesday. The number of deaths due to COVID-19 stands at 465.
Southeastern US continues to mark substantial rise in coronavirus cases
By Cordell Gascoigne, 4 July 2020
As with much of the country, cases continue to rise rapidly across the region as a result of the push to reopen the economy in the middle of the still raging pandemic.
HPAE union betrays New Jersey nurses’ fight for PPE and better pay
By Erik Schreiber, 4 July 2020
New Jersey nurses must not allow their struggles to be strangled by the Health Professionals and Allied Employees union.
UAW and General Motors downplay outbreaks of COVID-19 at US auto plants
By Jessica Goldstein, 4 July 2020
As the UAW and auto corporations to play down the health crisis, workers’ anger is at breaking point as they demand the plants be shut down for their safety.
Residents of Sheboygan, Wisconsin protest police murder of man with mental illness history
By Jacob Crosse, 4 July 2020
Over 100 protesters took to the streets Thursday evening after Kevan Ruffin, 32, was shot multiple times by an unnamed Sheboygan police deputy earlier in the day.
Trump administration gives private equity firms access to 401(k) retirement funds
By Gabriel Black, 4 July 2020
The $7.9 trillion in 401(k) retirement funds will be used to buttress private equity markets and further enrich the financial oligarchy.
City University of New York lays off 2,800 adjuncts in wave of austerity
By Elliott Murtagh, 4 July 2020
These actions will have a devastating effect on the largest urban university system in the US, forcing faculty, students, and staff to bear the brunt of the current pandemic-triggered state and city financial crisis.
The two American Revolutions in world history
By David North, 4 July 2020
Today marks the 244th anniversary of the public proclamation of the Declaration of Independence, on July 4, 1776, which established the United States of America. It is not only the direct political impact of the document, but, rather, the principles it proclaimed that determined its world historical stature.
Neil Young’s Homegrown: Time capsule from the 1970s
By Kevin Reed, 4 July 2020
Canadian-born singer-songwriter Neil Young has released Homegrown, 45 years after it was recorded, an album of twelve songs that brings us back to his music of the early 1970s.
Why Canada’s media is fawning over the war criminal John Bolton
By Roger Jordan, 4 July 2020
Canada’s ruling elite wants a more stable and strategic-minded partner in the White House, who can more effectively employ intrigue, intimidation and war in pursuing their common imperialist agenda.
US unemployment rate dips, but millions remain jobless or face wage cuts
By Jerry White, 3 July 2020
Despite Trump’s claims that the “economy is roaring back,” joblessness remains at depression levels while the reopening of businesses has produced a surge of COVID-19 cases.
As pandemic accelerates in US, young people made the scapegoat of ruling elite’s malicious return to work policy
By Benjamin Mateus, 3 July 2020
The US continues to see a surge of new infections at an unprecedented rate with a single one-day high of 57,236 new cases.
“We are at our breaking point”
FCA Toledo Jeep workers support call for rank-and-file safety committees
By Marcus Day, 3 July 2020
Anger is reaching a boiling point over the refusal of management and the UAW to release information about COVID-19 cases.
Meat processing plants spread the coronavirus in North Carolina
By Rosa Shahnazarian, 3 July 2020
Both Democrats and Republicans are complicit in concealing the magnitude of the coronavirus crisis in and around North Carolina’s rural meat and poultry packing facilities.
Letter from a New York City transit worker on miscarriages and pregnancy on the job
By our reporters, 3 July 2020
A New York City transit worker has written in to the WSWS describing the atrocious conditions faced by pregnant workers at the facilities run by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
US Fed official warns of potential for a financial crisis
By Nick Beams, 3 July 2020
Having boosted the wealth of the financial oligarchy, in the midst of economic devastation for working people, the Fed is actively considering giving the rich even more support.
An assault on separation of church and state as well as public education
US Supreme Court rules in favor of religious schools
By John Burton and Ed Hightower, 3 July 2020
Undermining the wall between church and state, the Supreme Court ruled that states cannot deny funding to religious schools, sweeping aside dozens of state constitutional provisions enacted to protect public education.
Jeffrey Epstein confidante Ghislaine Maxwell arrested in New Hampshire
By Kevin Reed, 3 July 2020
Ghislaine Maxwell was arrested in New Hampshire on Thursday and charged by a federal court in Manhattan with six counts related to her alleged collaboration with Jeffrey Epstein in a sex ring that involved girls as young as 14 years old.
Primaries show deepening political polarization in US
By Patrick Martin, 3 July 2020
While both the corporate-controlled parties, the Democrats and Republicans, are moving to the right, the bulk of the population is moving to the left.
The New York Times fabricates Russian murder plot
By Patrick Martin, 3 July 2020
The Washington frenzy against Russia has been triggered by a lying propaganda campaign initiated by the New York Times.
Hands off Lincoln and the Emancipation Memorial! Defend the legacy of the Civil War!
By Niles Niemuth, 3 July 2020
The unanimous decision of the Boston Art Commission to remove the statue of Abraham Lincoln and a freed slave which memorializes emancipation is a reactionary assault on the progressive legacy of the Civil War.
The Last Dance: Basketball star Michael Jordan and professional sports in the 1990s
By Omar Ali, 3 July 2020
The recently released documentary miniseries The Last Dance chronicles the championship season of the 1998 Chicago Bulls, with particular focus on the figure of superstar Michael Jordan.
“The company is taking risks with the lives of 5,000 workers”
As COVID-19 cases surge, Texas GM workers demand closure of factory
By Jerry White, 2 July 2020
Just days after Fiat Chrysler workers in Detroit halted production, GM workers in the Dallas-Ft. Worth area are demanding the closure of Arlington Assembly.
“Chrysler was telling everybody that it was safe to come back to work, and it’s not.”
Autoworkers at FCA Trenton Engine call for rank-and-file safety committees to fight COVID-19
By Tim Rivers, 2 July 2020
Autoworkers at the FCA Trenton Engine Plant south of Detroit called on their co-workers to build rank-and-file safety committees to fight the spread of COVID-19 in factories and save lives.
Workers in Germany express their solidarity with striking Fiat Chrysler workers
By our correspondents, 2 July 2020
The strikes at two Detroit Fiat Chrysler plants in Jefferson North and Sterling Heights against intolerable health and safety conditions for production workers have met with a powerful response from workers in Germany.
Senate votes unanimously to extend CARES Act loan program despite businesses' plans to lay off thousands more
By Jacob Crosse, 2 July 2020
The corporate-government fraud known as the Payment Paycheck Protection program has done little to stave off massive job losses or small business closures while large banks and well-connected industries have profited handsomely
Arizona Department of Health Services activates plan to ration healthcare for COVID-19 patients
By Benjamin Mateus, 2 July 2020
As the pandemic surges throughout Arizona, the governor is seeking emergency support from the federal government to supplement the beleaguered hospital staff in hard-hit counties.
As union works with companies to beat back wildcat strikes
UAW president meets with prosecutor to avoid government takeover
By Tom Hall, 2 July 2020
There are signs of growing pressure within the state to shut down the investigation, with officials worried that this airing of the union’s dirty laundry could serve to further encourage rebellion.
“It’s back to the way it was before I made things public,” says whistleblower
As flights increase, airline workers face more COVID-19 dangers
By Steve Filips, 2 July 2020
Even as the pandemic continues to surge, airlines continue to push for increased flights. American Airlines has resumed booking its flights to capacity on July 1. United Airlines, which never blocked out seats or limited capacity, will be adding 25,000 flights in August.
Riverside, California Nurses strike continues as ICU beds reach capacity
By Kevin Martinez, 2 July 2020
Nurses are protesting unsafe working conditions while county health officials announced this week that ICU beds were at 99 percent capacity
After multiple shootings and two deaths
Seattle police forcibly end Capitol Hill Occupied Protest
By Kayla Costa, 2 July 2020
The protest tent site was overrun by more than one hundred local police and FBI officers armed with heavy riot gear and military-grade vehicles.
As pandemic spread accelerates
Wall Street celebrates biggest quarterly surge in more than 20 years
By Nick Beams, 2 July 2020
In the course of less than three months, the actions of the Fed—its reduction of interest rates to zero and purchases of debt across the board, including junk bonds—have put $7.1 trillion into the hands of stock investors and speculators.
Reddit bans 2,000 communities in major censorship action
By Kevin Reed, 2 July 2020
On Monday, the news aggregation site Reddit banned the pro-Trump r/The_Donald and the left-radical r/ChapoTrapHouse, along with hundreds of other subreddits, in a censorship move aimed at satisfying the demands of advertisers.
Teen shot in back by Louisiana police, charged with resisting arrest
By Aaron Murch, 2 July 2020
Tre’mall McGee’s mother has been demanding answers from the sheriff’s office for three months to no avail, while the Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office until recently has been concealing that there was a shooting at all.
The inequality pandemic: How American capitalism puts profits over lives
By Andre Damon, 2 July 2020
The resurgence of COVID-19 is the outcome of a policy, led by the Trump administration but supported by the entire political and media establishment, of subordinating society’s needs to the interests of the financial oligarchy.
SEP presidential candidates Kishore and Santa Cruz file federal lawsuit challenging ballot access restrictions in California
By Norissa Santa Cruz—SEP Vice Presidential Candidate, 2 July 2020
The Socialist Equality Party’s candidates argued in court filings Tuesday that the state’s requirement that the candidates gather 200,000 voter signatures is impossible to meet during the pandemic and a violation of basic democratic rights.
Workers, young people denounce undemocratic efforts to keep Socialist Equality Party off the ballot in Michigan
By our reporters, 2 July 2020
Workers and youth voiced support for the SEP election campaign in the United States.
Caterpillar slashes jobs in Illinois, rewards corporate shareholders
By Jessica Goldstein, 2 July 2020
Caterpillar is one of many US-based corporations that have laid off workers and cut jobs and pay since the pandemic took hold in the US, as it continued to pay out dividends to investors.
City of Chicago announces plan for mass arrest and detention of youth over holiday weekend
By Andy Thompson, 2 July 2020
The plan for arrest and jailing of teenagers comes as the Lightfoot administration has stepped up policing in wake of recent protests and as President Trump urges Democratic leaders in Illinois to take “decisive action” against gun violence.
Record 47.2 percent of working-age Americans without jobs
By Shannon Jones, 1 July 2020
According to the employment-population ratio, a more accurate measure of joblessness than the unemployment rate, a postwar record number of Americans were without work in May.
As COVID-19 infections explode in the US, Fauci warns of 100,000 new cases a day
By Barry Grey, 1 July 2020
Fauci's testimony underscored the grim reality that the pandemic in the US is now far more widespread than it was at its previous height in late March and early April.
New York City transit worker suffers miscarriage on the job
By Sam Dalton, 1 July 2020
Transit workers are outraged at the Transit Authority and the union after a conductor who was six-months pregnant lost a baby when she was forced to return to track switching.
US House passes Washington D.C. statehood bill
By Nick Barrickman, 1 July 2020
If made law, the bill would make the District of Columbia the country’s 51st state.
Pandemic profiteering: Gilead Sciences cashes in on COVID-19
By Bryan Dyne, 1 July 2020
Gilead’s declaration that it will charge over $3,000 per patient for the drug remdesivir sends a clear message that pharmaceutical companies plan to use the COVID-19 crisis to make billions of dollars.
New York Times’ Charles Blow demands the removal of monuments to Washington and other “amoral monsters”
By Niles Niemuth, 1 July 2020
The Times’ latest assault on the American Revolution is a part of the effort by the Democratic Party and its operatives to derail the popular multiracial protests against police violence in the wake of the murder of George Floyd.
“It’s up to workers to fight this virus”
Fiat Chrysler threatens to fire workers who stop production over COVID-19 concerns
By Jerry White, 30 June 2020
FCA’s threats come just days after workers at two Detroit area assembly plants halted production and set up rank-and-file safety committees.
Merkel, Macron promote EU militarism amid growing conflicts with Washington
By Johannes Stern and Alex Lantier, 30 June 2020
The leaders of Germany and France called for stepped-up military spending and austerity to ensure Europe’s ability to wage war independently from Washington.
South Carolina emerges as new COVID-19 hot spot
By Rosa Shahnazarian, 30 June 2020
The southern state was among the last to implement measures to contain the spread of the coronavirus and among the earliest to relax them.
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